Long-Term Survival of Enteric Microorganisms in Frozen Wastewater

Microorganisms that are found in domestic wastewater and that can cause illness in humans include bacteria, viruses, protozoan cysts, and helminth ova. This literature review attempts to determine whether organisms contained in a frozen sewage bulb in the Antarctic ice would survive for decades. This review briefly examines the structural differences between these organHow to get copies of ERDC technical publications: Department of Defense personnel and contractors may order reports through the Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC-BR SUITE 0944 8725 JOHN J KINGMAN RD FT BELVOIR VA 22060-6218 Telephone (800) 225-3842 E-mail [email protected] [email protected] WWW http://www.dtic.mil/ All others may order reports through the National Technical Information Service: NTIS 5285 PORT ROYAL RD SPRINGFIELD VA 22161 Telephone (703) 487-4650 (703) 487-4639 (TDD for the hearing-impaired) E-mail [email protected] WWW http://www.ntis.gov/index.html For information on all aspects of the Engineer Research and Development Center, visit our World Wide Web site: http://www.erdc.usace.army.mil isms; examines the susceptibility of these organisms to chilling, freezing, thawing, and frozen storage, and the effect these processes have on the structural components of the organisms; and compares findings from field studies, including some archeo-logical studies, on the ability of these organisms to withstand natural cold